안드로이드 권한의 종류

안드로이드는 사용하고 쉽다. 또한 쉽게 어플을 개발할 수 있는 환경을 갖추고 있다.

그럼에도 불구하고 어플을 만들다 보면 더욱 세세한 작업을 필요로 할 때가 있다. 이럴때 운이 좋게 코드 몇줄로 똑딱똑딱 해서 되는 경우도 있지만, 환경 제한에 걸려서 삽질을 하다 지옥을 맛보게 될 수도 있다.

그전에 시도하려고 하는 기능이 접근 권한이 있는지부터 확인을 하고 시작하는 게 정신건강에 이로울 것이다.
실제로 삽질을 열심히 하고 나서 돌아봤더니 권한 설정하고 몇줄의 추가로 충분히 되는 기능이 있었다.

삽질을 하다보면 시간도 흘르고 삽도 무뎌지기 마련이다. 이런 상태가 지속되면 포기하는 이가 속출하기 마련이다.
그래서 알아보고자 한다.

안드로이드 권한의 종류(Kind ofandroid.Manifest.permission)
android.Manifest.permission은 java.lang.object를 상속받은 클래스로서 가지는 타입은 String이다.

GPS 관련 Permission
ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

Camera 관련 Permission
CAMERA

SMS 관련 Permission
SEND_SMS, READ_SMS, WRITE_SMS

그림 1] http://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission.html의 내용 중 발췌

Summary

Constants
String	ACCESS_CHECKIN_PROPERTIES	Allows read/write access to the "properties" table in the checkin database, to change values that get uploaded.
String	ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION	Allows an application to access coarse (e.g., Cell-ID, WiFi) location
String	ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION	Allows an application to access fine (e.g., GPS) location
String	ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS	Allows an application to access extra location provider commands
String	ACCESS_MOCK_LOCATION	Allows an application to create mock location providers for testing
String	ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE	Allows applications to access information about networks
String	ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER	Allows an application to use SurfaceFlinger's low level features
String	ACCESS_WIFI_STATE	Allows applications to access information about Wi-Fi networks
String	ACCOUNT_MANAGER	Allows applications to call into AccountAuthenticators.
String	AUTHENTICATE_ACCOUNTS	Allows an application to act as an AccountAuthenticator for the AccountManager
String	BATTERY_STATS	Allows an application to collect battery statistics
String	BIND_APPWIDGET	Allows an application to tell the AppWidget service which application can access AppWidget's data.
String	BIND_DEVICE_ADMIN	Must be required by device administration receiver, to ensure that only the system can interact with it.
String	BIND_INPUT_METHOD	Must be required by an InputMethodService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_WALLPAPER	Must be required by a WallpaperService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BLUETOOTH	Allows applications to connect to paired bluetooth devices
String	BLUETOOTH_ADMIN	Allows applications to discover and pair bluetooth devices
String	BRICK	Required to be able to disable the device (very dangerous!).
String	BROADCAST_PACKAGE_REMOVED	Allows an application to broadcast a notification that an application package has been removed.
String	BROADCAST_SMS	Allows an application to broadcast an SMS receipt notification
String	BROADCAST_STICKY	Allows an application to broadcast sticky intents.
String	BROADCAST_WAP_PUSH	Allows an application to broadcast a WAP PUSH receipt notification
String	CALL_PHONE	Allows an application to initiate a phone call without going through the Dialer user interface for the user to confirm the call being placed.
String	CALL_PRIVILEGED	Allows an application to call any phone number, including emergency numbers, without going through the Dialer user interface for the user to confirm the call being placed.
String	CAMERA	Required to be able to access the camera device.
String	CHANGE_COMPONENT_ENABLED_STATE	Allows an application to change whether an application component (other than its own) is enabled or not.
String	CHANGE_CONFIGURATION	Allows an application to modify the current configuration, such as locale.
String	CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE	Allows applications to change network connectivity state
String	CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE	Allows applications to enter Wi-Fi Multicast mode
String	CHANGE_WIFI_STATE	Allows applications to change Wi-Fi connectivity state
String	CLEAR_APP_CACHE	Allows an application to clear the caches of all installed applications on the device.
String	CLEAR_APP_USER_DATA	Allows an application to clear user data
String	CONTROL_LOCATION_UPDATES	Allows enabling/disabling location update notifications from the radio.
String	DELETE_CACHE_FILES	Allows an application to delete cache files.
String	DELETE_PACKAGES	Allows an application to delete packages.
String	DEVICE_POWER	Allows low-level access to power management
String	DIAGNOSTIC	Allows applications to RW to diagnostic resources.
String	DISABLE_KEYGUARD	Allows applications to disable the keyguard
String	DUMP	Allows an application to retrieve state dump information from system services.
String	EXPAND_STATUS_BAR	Allows an application to expand or collapse the status bar.
String	FACTORY_TEST	Run as a manufacturer test application, running as the root user.
String	FLASHLIGHT	Allows access to the flashlight
String	FORCE_BACK	Allows an application to force a BACK operation on whatever is the top activity.
String	GET_ACCOUNTS	Allows access to the list of accounts in the Accounts Service
String	GET_PACKAGE_SIZE	Allows an application to find out the space used by any package.
String	GET_TASKS	Allows an application to get information about the currently or recently running tasks: a thumbnail representation of the tasks, what activities are running in it, etc.
String	GLOBAL_SEARCH	This permission can be used on content providers to allow the global search system to access their data.
String	HARDWARE_TEST	Allows access to hardware peripherals.
String	INJECT_EVENTS	Allows an application to inject user events (keys, touch, trackball) into the event stream and deliver them to ANY window.
String	INSTALL_LOCATION_PROVIDER	Allows an application to install a location provider into the Location Manager
String	INSTALL_PACKAGES	Allows an application to install packages.
String	INTERNAL_SYSTEM_WINDOW	Allows an application to open windows that are for use by parts of the system user interface.
String	INTERNET	Allows applications to open network sockets.
String	KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES	Allows an application to call killBackgroundProcesses(String).
String	MANAGE_ACCOUNTS	Allows an application to manage the list of accounts in the AccountManager
String	MANAGE_APP_TOKENS	Allows an application to manage (create, destroy, Z-order) application tokens in the window manager.
String	MASTER_CLEAR
String	MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS	Allows an application to modify global audio settings
String	MODIFY_PHONE_STATE	Allows modification of the telephony state - power on, mmi, etc.
String	MOUNT_FORMAT_FILESYSTEMS	Allows formatting file systems for removable storage.
String	MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS	Allows mounting and unmounting file systems for removable storage.
String	PERSISTENT_ACTIVITY	Allow an application to make its activities persistent.
String	PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS	Allows an application to monitor, modify, or abort outgoing calls.
String	READ_CALENDAR	Allows an application to read the user's calendar data.
String	READ_CONTACTS	Allows an application to read the user's contacts data.
String	READ_FRAME_BUFFER	Allows an application to take screen shots and more generally get access to the frame buffer data
String	READ_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS	Allows an application to read (but not write) the user's browsing history and bookmarks.
String	READ_INPUT_STATE	Allows an application to retrieve the current state of keys and switches.
String	READ_LOGS	Allows an application to read the low-level system log files.
String	READ_OWNER_DATA	Allows an application to read the owner's data.
String	READ_PHONE_STATE	Allows read only access to phone state.
String	READ_SMS	Allows an application to read SMS messages.
String	READ_SYNC_SETTINGS	Allows applications to read the sync settings
String	READ_SYNC_STATS	Allows applications to read the sync stats
String	REBOOT	Required to be able to reboot the device.
String	RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED	Allows an application to receive the ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED that is broadcast after the system finishes booting.
String	RECEIVE_MMS	Allows an application to monitor incoming MMS messages, to record or perform processing on them.
String	RECEIVE_SMS	Allows an application to monitor incoming SMS messages, to record or perform processing on them.
String	RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH	Allows an application to monitor incoming WAP push messages.
String	RECORD_AUDIO	Allows an application to record audio
String	REORDER_TASKS	Allows an application to change the Z-order of tasks
String	RESTART_PACKAGES	This constant is deprecated. The restartPackage(String) API is no longer supported.
String	SEND_SMS	Allows an application to send SMS messages.
String	SET_ACTIVITY_WATCHER	Allows an application to watch and control how activities are started globally in the system.
String	SET_ALWAYS_FINISH	Allows an application to control whether activities are immediately finished when put in the background.
String	SET_ANIMATION_SCALE	Modify the global animation scaling factor.
String	SET_DEBUG_APP	Configure an application for debugging.
String	SET_ORIENTATION	Allows low-level access to setting the orientation (actually rotation) of the screen.
String	SET_PREFERRED_APPLICATIONS	This constant is deprecated. No longer useful, see addPackageToPreferred(String) for details.
String	SET_PROCESS_LIMIT	Allows an application to set the maximum number of (not needed) application processes that can be running.
String	SET_TIME	Allows applications to set the system time
String	SET_TIME_ZONE	Allows applications to set the system time zone
String	SET_WALLPAPER	Allows applications to set the wallpaper
String	SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS	Allows applications to set the wallpaper hints
String	SIGNAL_PERSISTENT_PROCESSES	Allow an application to request that a signal be sent to all persistent processes
String	STATUS_BAR	Allows an application to open, close, or disable the status bar and its icons.
String	SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ	Allows an application to allow access the subscribed feeds ContentProvider.
String	SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_WRITE
String	SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW	Allows an application to open windows using the type TYPE_SYSTEM_ALERT, shown on top of all other applications.
String	UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS	Allows an application to update device statistics.
String	USE_CREDENTIALS	Allows an application to request authtokens from the AccountManager
String	VIBRATE	Allows access to the vibrator
String	WAKE_LOCK	Allows using PowerManager WakeLocks to keep processor from sleeping or screen from dimming
String	WRITE_APN_SETTINGS	Allows applications to write the apn settings
String	WRITE_CALENDAR	Allows an application to write (but not read) the user's calendar data.
String	WRITE_CONTACTS	Allows an application to write (but not read) the user's contacts data.
String	WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE	Allows an application to write to external storage
String	WRITE_GSERVICES	Allows an application to modify the Google service map.
String	WRITE_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS	Allows an application to write (but not read) the user's browsing history and bookmarks.
String	WRITE_OWNER_DATA	Allows an application to write (but not read) the owner's data.
String	WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS	Allows an application to read or write the secure system settings.
String	WRITE_SETTINGS	Allows an application to read or write the system settings.
String	WRITE_SMS	Allows an application to write SMS messages.
String	WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS	Allows applications to write the sync settings

표1. 안드로이드 권한들

위 자료의 출처는 http://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission.html 이다.
더욱 자세한 내용은 위 주소에서 확인할 수 있다. [2010.09.29(수)]

위 많은 permission 중에서 CAMERA의 권한을 이용해서 카메라를 이용 할 수 있는 간단한 프로그램을 작성해 보았다.

그림 2] CAMERA permission의 상세 내용 중 반드시 확인할 내용

위 처럼 세세한 내용을 확인하기 위해서는 각각의 값을 누르면 되는데 중점적으로 확인 할 내용은 지원 가능한 최소 API레벨이 되겠다.
Constant Value : "android.permission.CAMERA" 라는 부분이 있는데 이 내용을 'Manifest.xml'파일에 추가적으로 적어주면 이제 이 권한을 사용할 수 있는 준비가 완료된 것이다.

그림 3] Android Menifest.xml 파일 스크린 샷

다른 프로젝트에서 스샷을 떠왔기 때문에 프로젝트의 정보는 지웠습니다.

그런데 이쯤에서 드는 생각이 있을거라 생각된다. Intent를 이용해서 카메라를 사용하면 돼지 왜?! 굳이 귀찮게 이렇게 하느냐고 하실 수도 있다. 결정적인 차이는 권한을 이용하게 되면 카메라를 직접제어할 수 있다는 것이 Intent를 사용하는 것과 다르겠다. 

지금 작업하고 있는 프로젝트가 Intent에서 카메라 어플을 호출해서 사용하는 것 이상의 효과와 기능을 추가하고 싶다면 카메라를 직접 제어할 필요성이 있게 된다. 이때는 위의 방법대로 권한을 주면 되는 것이고, 기능이 크게 필요없다면 Intent를 이용하면 되겠다.

공부했으니까 한번 써봤다.

그림 4] 카메라 구동 스크린

Manifest.xml

main.xml

aaa.java

import java.io.IOException;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.hardware.Camera;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;

public class aaa extends Activity implements SurfaceHolder.Callback{
	
	private Camera camera;
	public static final String FOCUS_MODE_AUTO = "auto"; 
	
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        
        SurfaceView surface = (SurfaceView)findViewById( R.id.camsurface );
        SurfaceHolder holder = surface.getHolder();
        
        holder.addCallback(this);
        holder.setType( SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS );
        //holder.setFixedSize(400, 300);
    }

	@Override
	public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,
			int height) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
	}

	@Override
	public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
		//if( mediaRecorder == null )
		{
			try {
				camera = Camera.open();
		        
				camera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
				camera.startPreview();
			}catch( IOException E )
			{
				Log.d("CAMERA", E.getMessage());
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		camera.stopPreview();
		camera.release();
	}
}

표1, 그림1, 2는 인용을 목적으로 http://develop.android.com/reference 에서 발췌하였습니다.